SIAGA DARURAT : PELATIHAN TEKNIK DASAR MENGHENTIKAN PENDARAHAN PADA SISWA
EMERGENCY PREPARATION: BASIC TECHNIQUE TRAINING FOR STUDENTS TO STOP BLEEDING
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53599/jap.v4i1.453Keywords:
perdarahan, pertolongan pertama, PMR, pembebatan, situasi gawat daruratAbstract
Abstrak
Situasi gawat darurat yang terjadi di lingkungan sekolah sering kali membutuhkan respons cepat dari individu terdekat, salah satunya adalah anggota Palang Merah Remaja (PMR). Salah satu kondisi yang paling sering dijumpai adalah kasus perdarahan, yang apabila tidak ditangani dengan benar dapat menimbulkan risiko lebih besar. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan keterampilan dasar anggota PMR dalam melakukan pertolongan pertama pada kasus perdarahan. Kebaharuan dalam pengabdian ini adalah menggunakan metode pelatihan/pembelajaran langsung “service learning”. Kegiatan dilaksanakan melalui pembelajaran dengan memberikan pelatihan langsung kepada siswa PMR yang membutuhkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan nyata dengan mencakup materi mengenai definisi perdarahan, penyebab, tanda-tanda klinis, teknik dasar menghentikan perdarahan, serta prinsip dasar pembebatan. Peserta pelatihan dibagi menjadi enam kelompok dan mengikuti sesi teori, diskusi, demonstrasi, serta praktik langsung. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar peserta sudah familiar dengan prinsip pembebatan pada ekstremitas, namun masih ada yang belum memahami pembebatan pada area kepala dan dada. Selain itu, ditemukan juga perbedaan pemahaman dasar antara prinsip 3T (tekan, tutup, tinggikan) yang umum digunakan dalam PMR dan prinsip RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation). Metode yang digunakan dalam evaluasi adalah dengan cara wawancara dan observasi. Dari hasil observasi dengan membandingkan ketrampilan sebalum dilakukan dan setelah dilakukan pelatihan didapatkan kegiatan ini berhasil meningkatkan keterampilan peserta dan memperluas wawasan mereka mengenai variasi teknik penanganan perdarahan. Kegiatan ini memberikan kontribusi positif dalam memperkuat kesiapsiagaan siswa PMR sebagai tim pertolongan pertama di lingkungan sekolah, sehingga perlu dilakukan diagendakan program yang berkelanjutan.
Kata kunci : perdarahan, pertolongan pertama, PMR, pembebatan, situasi gawat darurat
Abstract
Emergency situations that occur in school environments often require a rapid response from the closest individuals, one of which is members of the Youth Red Cross (PMR). One of the most common conditions encountered is bleeding, which if not handled properly can pose a greater risk. This community service activity aims to improve the understanding and basic skills of PMR members in providing first aid in cases of bleeding. The innovation in this service is the use of a direct training/learning method "service learning". The activity is carried out through learning by providing direct training to PMR students who need it to meet real needs by covering material on the definition of bleeding, causes, clinical signs, basic techniques for stopping bleeding, and the basic principles of bandaging. Training participants were divided into six groups and participated in theory sessions, discussions, demonstrations, and direct practice. Observations showed that most participants were familiar with the principles of bandaging the extremities, but some still did not understand bandaging the head and chest area. Furthermore, there was also a difference in basic understanding between the 3T principle (press, cover, elevate) commonly used in PMR and the RICE principle (rest, ice, compression, elevation). The evaluation methods used were interviews and observations. Observations comparing pre- and post-training skills revealed that this activity successfully improved participants' skills and broadened their understanding of various bleeding management techniques. This activity positively contributed to strengthening the preparedness of PMR students as first aid teams in the school environment, thus warranting a continued program.
Keywords : bleeding, first aid, Youth Red Cross, bandaging, emergency situations
References
American College of Surgeons. (2018). Stop the Bleed Campaign. https://www.stopthebleed.org
American College of Surgeons. (2021). Stop the Bleed: Bleeding Control Basics. Retrieved from https://www.stopthebleed.org
American Red Cross. (2019). First Aid/CPR/AED Participant’s Manual.
Dynes, R. R. (2000). Organized behavior in disaster. In R. R. Dynes & K. J. Tierney (Eds.), Disaster, collective behavior, and social organization (pp. 93-108). Newark, DE: University of Delaware Press.
Garcia, A., Martinez, B., & Rodriguez, C. (2020). The Impact of Interactive Learning on Emergency Response Knowledge Among Adolescents. Journal of Emergency Education, 42(3), 112-127.
Goralnick, E., Chaudhary, M. A., McCarty, J. C., & Wall, S. P. (2018). Effectiveness of hemorrhage control training for the lay public. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 12(6), 755–761. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2018.6
Hodgetts, T. J., & Mahoney, P. F. (2006). Battlefield First Aid: From Combat to Care. BMJ Publishing.
Johnson, A. B., et al. (2019). Emergency First Aid: A Crucial Skill for Adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 45(2), 125-132.
Johnson, K. L. (2017). Enhancing Teenagers' First Aid Knowledge and Skills: A Community-Based Educational Intervention. Journal of Community Health Nursing, 34(2), 56-68.
Jones, M., & Brown, R. (2019). Interactive Educational Approaches for Adolescent First Aid Training. Journal of Health Education Research & Development, 37(4), 225-238.
Jones, M., & Smith, R. (2018). Emergency Management: Planning and Response. Journal of Emergency Preparedness, 12(3), 45-58.
Kauvar, D. S., Lefering, R., & Wade, C. E. (2006). Impact of hemorrhage on trauma outcome: An overview of epidemiology, clinical presentations, and therapeutic considerations. The Journal of Trauma, 60(6 Suppl), S3–S11. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ta.0000199961.02677.19
Kumar, P., & Clark, M. (2016). Clinical Medicine (9th ed.). Elsevier.
Limmer, D., & O'Keefe, M. (2015). Emergency Care (13th ed.). Pearson Education.
Quarantelli, E. L. (1998). What is disaster? The need for clarification in definition and conceptualization in research. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 16(2), 221-228.
Smith, J. R., et al. (2018). Assessment of Adolescents' Knowledge in Emergency First Aid. Pediatric Emergency Care, 32(5), 298-305.
Suranadi, I. W. (2017). Tingkat Pengetahuan Tentang Bantuan Hidup Dasar (Bhd) Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana. Simdos. Unud. Ac. Id, 2.
Tintinalli, J. E., Stapczynski, J. S., Ma, O. J., Yealy, D. M., Meckler, G. D., & Cline, D. M. (2016). Tintinalli’s Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide (8th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Tintinalli, J.E. (2015). Tintinalli’s Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide (8th ed.). McGraw Hill.
White, A., & Martinez, B. (2021). Comprehensive Approach to Emergency Management. International Journal of Disaster Response and Emergency Management, 25(2), 78-94.
Wiliastuti, U. N., Anna, A., & Mirwanti, R. (2018). Pengetahuan tim reaksi cepat tentang bantuan hidup dasar. Jurnal Keperawatan Komprehensif (Comprehensive Nursing Journal), 4(2), 77-85.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2014). Prehospital trauma care systems. Geneva: WHO Press.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2022). Emergency and Trauma Care: Hemorrhage Control Guidelines. Geneva: WHO.
