TEKANSIA: PEMERIKSAAN TEKANAN DARAH DAN PENYULUHAN UNTUK KESEHATAN LANSIA YANG OPTIMAL DI DESA ALASSUMUR KECAMATAN BESUK KABUPATEN PROBOLINGGO

TEKANSIA: A COMMUNITY PROGRAM FOR BLOOD PRESSURE SCREENING AND HEALTH EDUCATION TO PROMOTE OPTIMAL ELDERLY HEALTH IN ALASSUMUR VILLAGE, BESUK DISTRICT, PROBOLINGGO REGENCY

Abstract

Abstrak

Lansia merupakan kelompok usia yang rentan terhadap hipertensi, yang seringkali tidak terdeteksi karena gejalanya minimal, namun berisiko menimbulkan komplikasi serius seperti stroke dan penyakit jantung. Survei pendahuluan di Desa Alassumur, Kecamatan Besuk, Kabupaten Probolinggo, menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar lansia mengalami tekanan darah tinggi tanpa disadari. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan lansia mengenai faktor risiko, pencegahan, dan penanganan hipertensi, dengan target peningkatan pemahaman minimal 20% setelah edukasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah one-group pretest-posttest design yang melibatkan 40 lansia. Kegiatan meliputi pemeriksaan tekanan darah, edukasi kesehatan berbasis media audio visual, diskusi kelompok, dan asesmen pemahaman menggunakan kuesioner berisi 15 item sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Edukasi berlangsung selama 60 menit, dengan pendampingan dari dosen, mahasiswa, bidan desa, dan kader kesehatan.Hasil pemeriksaan menunjukkan bahwa 50% lansia memiliki tekanan darah normal, sedangkan 50% lainnya tergolong prehipertensi atau hipertensi stadium 2. Rata-rata skor pemahaman meningkat dari 58,7 (pra-tes) menjadi 84,1 (pasca-tes), dengan 80% peserta mampu menjawab ≥75% pertanyaan dengan benar. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa deteksi dini yang buruk dan kurangnya pengetahuan merupakan faktor utama yang berkontribusi terhadap tingginya insiden hipertensi. Sebagai tindak lanjut, dibentuk kelompok pendukung lansia berbasis kader kesehatan untuk pemantauan tekanan darah bulanan dan edukasi keluarga rutin. Program "TEKANSIA" telah terbukti efektif dan berpotensi berkelanjutan, menghasilkan dampak promotif dan preventif jangka panjang.

Abstract

The elderly are a vulnerable age group to hypertension, which often goes undetected due to minimal symptoms, but carries a risk of serious complications such as stroke and heart disease. A preliminary survey in Alassumur Village, Besuk District, Probolinggo Regency, showed that a large proportion of elderly people experience high blood pressure without realizing it. This community service activity aims to increase the elderly's knowledge regarding risk factors, prevention, and treatment of hypertension, with a target of a minimum 20% increase in understanding after the education. The method used was a one-group pretest-posttest design involving 40 elderly people. Activities included blood pressure checks, audio-visual media-based health education, group discussions, and an understanding assessment using a 15-item questionnaire before and after the intervention. The education lasted 60 minutes, with assistance from lecturers, students, village midwives, and health cadres. The examination results showed that 50% of the elderly had normal blood pressure, while the other 50% were classified as prehypertension or stage 2 hypertension. The average comprehension score increased from 58.7 (pre-test) to 84.1 (post-test), with 80% of participants able to answer ≥75% of the questions correctly. Analysis indicated that poor early detection and lack of knowledge were the main factors contributing to the high incidence of hypertension. As a follow-up, a health cadre-based elderly support group was established for monthly blood pressure monitoring and routine family education. The "TEKANSIA" program has proven effective and has the potential to be sustainable, resulting in long-term promotive and preventative impacts.