PENDAPATAN LULUSAN DIPLOMA KEPERAWATAN ANTARA SEKTOR PEMERINTAH DAN LEMBAGA PROFIT DI INDONESIA

EARNINGS COMPARISON OF NURSING DIPLOMA GRADUATES IN GOVERNMENT AND FOR-PROFIT INSTITUTIONS IN INDONESIA

Abstract

Pendapatan merupakan indikator penting kesejahteraan tenaga kerja, termasuk lulusan diploma keperawatan yang memegang peran strategis dalam sistem pelayanan kesehatan. Meskipun secara nominal memenuhi standar minimum upah, di beberapa daerah kondisi ini masih lebih rendah dari Upah Minimum Kabupaten/Kota yang menimbulkan sejumlah fenomena dan tantangan. Pendapatan yang relatif rendah dibanding tanggung jawab profesional dan beban kerja dapat mempengaruhi motivasi, retensi, serta kesejahteraan perawat.  Meskipun terdapat sejumlah studi yang membahas disparitas pendapatan antara sektor publik dan lembaga profit di kalangan tenaga kesehatan, masih terbatas penelitian yang secara khusus membahas lulusan diploma keperawatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perbedaan pendapatan antara lulusan diploma keperawatan yang bekerja di sektor pemerintah dan lembaga profit serta menilai pengaruh sektor kerja terhadap outcome ekonomi mereka. Data diambil dari Survei Angkatan Kerja Nasional (SAKERNAS) Agustus 2023, dengan kriteria responden lulusan diploma keperawatan yang sedang bekerja. Variabel utama adalah pendapatan bulanan yang ditransformasi ke logaritma natural. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan uji beda rata-rata (t-test) dan regresi OLS dengan kontrol usia, jenis kelamin, status kawin, dan klasifikasi wilayah. Hasil menunjukkan lulusan di sektor lembaga profit memiliki pendapatan rata-rata signifikan lebih tinggi dibanding sektor pemerintah, dengan selisih sekitar 34%. Regresi OLS menegaskan bahwa bekerja di sektor pemerintah terkait penurunan log-pendapatan dibanding sektor profit. Temuan ini menekankan bahwa sektor profit menawarkan kompensasi finansial lebih tinggi, sementara sektor publik memberikan stabilitas dan tunjangan jangka panjang, memberikan dasar bagi lulusan untuk mempertimbangkan strategi pekerjaan dan pengembangan karier.

Abstract 

Income is an important indicator of worker welfare, including for diploma nursing graduates who play a strategic role in health service delivery. Although nominal wages often meet minimum wage standards, in some areas they remain below the municipal minimum wage, creating various challenges. Relatively low income compared with professional responsibilities and workload can affect motivation, retention, and the well-being of nurses. Several studies have examined income disparities between the public sector and profit-based institutions among health workers, but research that focuses specifically on diploma nursing graduates remains limited.  This study examines income differences between diploma nursing graduates who work in the government sector and those who work in profit-based institutions, and evaluates how the employment sector influences their economic outcomes. The data come from the August 2023 National Labor Force Survey (SAKERNAS), with respondents limited to employed diploma nursing graduates. The main variable is monthly income, which is transformed using the natural logarithm. The analysis uses mean difference tests (t-tests) and OLS regressions with controls for age, sex, marital status, and regional classification. The results show that graduates who work in profit-based institutions earn a significantly higher average income, with an estimated difference of about 34 percent compared with graduates in the government sector. The OLS results confirm that employment in the government sector is associated with lower log-income compared with employment in profit-based institutions. These findings indicate that the profit-based sector provides higher financial compensation, while the public sector offers greater job stability and long-term benefits. This evidence can help graduates consider their employment choices and career development strategies.