ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN NYERI AKUT PADA PASIEN DENGAN LOW BACK PAIN MELALUI TEKNIK RELAKSASI OTOT PROGRESIF

NURSING CARE FOR ACUTE PAIN IN PATIENTS WITH LOW BACK PAIN THROUGH PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE RELAXATION TECHNIQUES

Abstract

Nyeri punggung bawah (low back pain) adalah keluhan muskuloskeletal yang umum dialami oleh pekerja sektor pertanian akibat postur kerja tidak ergonomis. Penanganan nyeri dapat dilakukan secara farmakologis maupun nonfarmakologis, salah satunya melalui latihan relaksasi otot progresif (LROP).Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendekskripsikan efektivitas asuhan keperawatan latihan relaksasi otot progresif dalam mengurangi nyeri akut pada pasien low back pain di wilayah pertanian. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus dengan pendekatan kualitatif naratif pada satu partisipan petani laki-laki berusia 67 tahun yang mengalami nyeri akut low back pain. Intervensi dilakukan selama 3 hari berturut-turut, edukasi nutrisi tinggi protein, dan terapi farmakologis kolaboratif. Pada hari pertama, skala nyeri tercatat 5 dan dinyatakan belum teratasi. Hari kedua, nyeri menurun menjadi skala 3 dan dinyatakan teratasi sebagian. Hari ketiga, nyeri menurun ke skala 2, dan dinyatakan teratasi sepenuhnya dengan kriteria hasil skala nyeri menurun, pasien tidak tampak meringis, tidak bersikap protekif, tidak tampak gelisah, dan frekuensi nadi normal. Pasien menunjukkan peningkatan kenyamanan dan pemahaman terhadap manajemen nyeri secara mandiri. Kesimpulan: Latihan relaksasi otot progresif efektif menurunkan intensitas nyeri akut pada pasien low back pain. Kombinasi dengan edukasi nutrisi dan dukungan farmakologis mempercepat pemulihan.

Abstract  

Low back pain is a common musculoskeletal complaint experienced by agricultural workers due to non-ergonomic work postures. Pain management can be done pharmacologically or non-pharmacologically, one of which is through progressive muscle relaxation exercises (PMRE). The purpose of this study was to describe the effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation exercises in reducing acute pain in patients with low back pain in agricultural areas. This study is a case study with a qualitative narrative approach on one male farmer participant aged 67 years who experienced acute low back pain. The intervention was carried out for 3 consecutive days, including high-protein nutrition education and collaborative pharmacological therapy. On the first day, the pain scale was recorded at 5 and was declared unresolved. On the second day, the pain decreased to a score of 3 and was considered partially resolved. On the third day, the pain decreased to a score of 2 and was considered resolved based on the following criteria: decreased pain score, no grimacing, no protective posture, no restlessness, normal pulse rate, and no difficulty sleeping. The patient showed increased comfort and understanding of independent pain management. Conclusion: Progressive muscle relaxation exercises are effective in reducing the intensity of acute pain in patients with low back pain. Combining this with nutritional education and pharmacological support accelerates recovery.